Biometry in patients with asymmetric primary angle closure disease

Early diagnosis, close monitoring, and timely intervention in patients with unilateral primary angle closure disease is necessary to prevent visual loss due to glaucoma.

The aim of this study is to investigate the biometric parameters of eyes in patients with asymmetric primary angle closure disease and to determine the biometric differences that can predispose to Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG).

This cross-sectional study included 224 eyes of 112 patients. Eyes with PACG were grouped as group A1 and fellow eyes of the same patient with either primary angle closure suspect or primary angle closure were grouped as group A2. Controls included healthy age and sex-matched patients with no evidence of glaucoma. These patients underwent clinical and ocular biometric measurements, including axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and keratometry. Lens axial factor and relative lens position were calculated from the above ocular parameters. The differences in ocular biometric parameters between the cases and controls were compared and analysed.

There was a significant difference in the mean anterior chamber depth between the cases. Relative lens position was found to be anterior in group A1 (0.220 ± 0.012) as compared to group A2 (0.223 ± 0.013), which was statistically significant (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean axial length, mean lens thickness or mean lens axial factor in cases or controls.

In a patient with primary angle closure disease, a relative anterior placement of the crystalline lens may predispose the eye to earlier occurrence of glaucomatous damage.