Photoacoustic-Driven Retrieval of Complex Refractive Indices for Absorbing Aerosols

Accurate determination of the aerosol complex refractive index (RI) is crucial for modeling atmospheric radiative forcing, yet it remains challenging due to limitations in conventional measurement techniques. This study demonstrates a novel and robust methodology for retrieving wavelength-dependent complex RI (m = n + ik) through integrated, simultaneous measurements of aerosol absorption, scattering, and size distribution. We combine multiwavelength photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for filter-free absorption coefficients, integrating nephelometry for angular-resolved scattering, and scanning mobility particle sizing (SMPS) for high-resolution size distribution measurements. Using diethyl-hexyl-sebacate (DEHS) aerosols as a benchmark, we introduce an inverse algorithm based on Rayleigh theory in the near-IR to visible range and Modified Anomalous Diffraction Theory (MADT) in the UV wavelength regime for RI retrieval, overcoming Mie theory instabilities for RI retrieval in the so-called transition region, where particle dimensions are comparable to wavelength. The retrieved RI values agree with bulk ellipsometry measurements within Δn = 0.0011 and Δk = 0.00025. The integrated PAS-nephelometer-SMPS approach establishes a new paradigm for in situ aerosol RI determination with direct applications in climate modeling and remote sensing validation.