Psychosocial adjustment in patients with diabetic retinopathy in northeastern Iran: a qualitative study based on the...

This study aimed to explore the psychosocial adaptation processes and coping methods among patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), emphasising the importance of understanding their lived experiences.

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.

A tertiary eye hospital in northeastern Iran.

The participants comprised patients with DR, their families and healthcare professionals.

Qualitative data were analysed based on transactional stress theory using deductive thematic analysis to identify psychosocial adaptation concepts.

65% of participating patients had DR for more than 5 years. Analysis of 49 patient and 14 healthcare professional interviews revealed 6 key themes encompassing 15 categories and 33 subcategories: primary appraisal (threat perception, motivational assessment, self-blame), secondary appraisal (perceived control over disease outcomes, perceived control over emotions, self-efficacy), coping efforts (problem management, emotional regulation), meaning-based coping (positive reassessment, reinforcement of religious beliefs, constructive approach), moderators (seeking information, all-encompassing assistance) and adaptation (emotional health, individual-social functioning).

The analysis revealed that deficits in disease awareness, financial and systemic barriers and emotional distress significantly impeded adaptive coping. Conversely, self-efficacy, social and organisational support, and meaning-based coping strategies were key facilitators. Our findings suggest that facilitating positive psychosocial adjustment in patients with DR may require interventions that address these specific barriers and leverage these facilitators, such as providing comprehensive disease knowledge and constructing robust support systems. This study highlights the potential value of a holistic care approach that integrates medical treatment, targeted patient education and psychological support to improve the overall quality of life for these patients.