Assessing solid waste disposal practices and environmental impacts in three communities of Ghana's Ahafo region

Poor solid waste management remains a major environmental and public health concern in low- and middle-income countries, including Ghana. Solid waste includes non-hazardous materials like plastics, organic waste, and recyclables, as well as hazardous substances that can cause environmental and health risks if not properly disposed of. This study examined household waste disposal practices, management challenges, and environmental impacts in three communities within the Ahafo Region, Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 384 participants selected through cluster sampling from Yamfo, Susuanso, and Tanoso. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed with STATA version 14 to generate descriptive statistics and regression models. The findings indicated that burning (44%) and using public bins (30%) were the primary methods of waste disposal, while 9% resorted to open dumping. Waste segregation was uncommon, with 76% of participants reporting no separation of plastics or organic matter. Regression analysis revealed that irregular collection (OR = 11.25, 95% CI 60-27.47) and poor enforcement of regulations (OR = 1586, 95% CI 247-10,194.51) significantly increased the risk of clogged drains. Blocked drains and flooding (28.5%) and land pollution (28.1%) were the most frequently reported environmental issues. Inadequate collection services, poor supervisory oversight, and limited recycling infrastructure perpetuate unsafe waste disposal practices in the Ahafo Region. These findings underscore the need for immediate, community-driven waste management interventions in developing countries to safeguard public health and the environment.