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  1. Home
  3. Localizing Structure In Individual Differences: A Visual Illusion Case Study.
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  3. Localizing Structure In Individual Differences: A Visual Illusion Case Study.

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Localizing structure in individual differences: A visual illusion case study.

Mahbod Mehrvarz1, Hrithik Popat2, Jeffrey N Rouder2

  • 1Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. mehrvarm@uci.edu.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|November 26, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People susceptible to one visual illusion are not necessarily susceptible to others. While direct correlations are low, a common underlying factor influences susceptibility across different illusions.

Keywords:
Factor analysisHierarchical modelsIndividual differencesReliabilityVisual illusions

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Previous research suggests weak correlations in susceptibility to different visual illusions.
  • The extent to which these low correlations reflect true relationships versus measurement error is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between susceptibility to different visual illusions.
  • To assess the impact of measurement error on observed correlations.
  • To identify potential common factors underlying illusion susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Collected data from 149 participants on two variants of five visual illusions using an adjustment paradigm.
  • Developed novel data visualizations and hierarchical models to assess measurement error.
  • Employed Bayesian hierarchical analysis and latent variable analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated low trial-noise and high reliability (≈0.93) with strong between-subject variability.
    • Observed low correlations (≈0.22 ± 0.07) across different illusion susceptibilities.
    • Latent variable analysis identified a common factor explaining 23.3% of the variance in illusion susceptibility, with minimal attenuation from measurement error.

    Conclusions:

    • Susceptibility to one visual illusion does not strongly predict susceptibility to others.
    • A shared latent factor contributes to individual differences in susceptibility across various illusions.
    • Measurement error minimally attenuates the observed low correlations between illusion susceptibilities.