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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy Under Local Anesthesia for L5/S1 Adjacent Segment Foraminal Stenosis

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Published on: October 17, 2025

Conus Medullaris Syndrome Following Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection: A Case Report.

Paula Mofor¹, Mark N Pernik¹, Emmanuel Adeyemo¹

¹University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Dallas, TX.

Pain Medicine Case Reports

|November 27, 2025

Summary

Lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) can lead to rare conus medullaris infarction, causing permanent neurological deficits. This complication, though infrequent, necessitates careful consideration before undergoing TFESI for back pain.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Pain Management
Interventional Radiology

Background:

Lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) is a frequently performed procedure for managing persistent lower back pain.

Keywords:

Conus medullaris syndrome infarction lumbar spine steroid injection

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Despite its common use, rare but severe complications can occur.