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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Sex differences in verbal abilities are theorized to stem from sex-specific brain activation patterns.
  • Circulating sex hormones may modulate these patterns and influence cognitive performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of sex hormones on verbal performance and hemispheric asymmetry.
  • To compare these effects across sex-differentiated and sex-neutral verbal tasks throughout the menstrual cycle.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) was used to measure hemispheric asymmetry (laterality) in healthy women during high (luteal) and low (follicular) hormone phases.
  • Verbal performance was assessed using verbal fluency, semantic decision, and verbal reasoning tasks.
  • A comparable group of men was also tested.

Main Results:

  • Sex hormones significantly affected performance and laterality for sex-differentiated verbal tasks.
  • No significant changes in performance or laterality were observed for sex-neutral tasks across menstrual phases.
  • Functional asymmetry measures were higher in the luteal phase compared to the menstrual phase.

Conclusions:

  • Sex hormones modulate verbal performance by influencing hemispheric asymmetry.
  • These findings highlight the role of hormonal fluctuations in cognitive processes and sex-based differences in brain function.