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CoQ10-Supported HIIT Modulates Skeletal Muscle and Hippocampal Biomarkers in Rats: A Randomized, Repeated-Measures,

Büşra Yılmaz1, Ömer Şenel1, Ayşen Çalıkuşu2

  • 1Faculty of Sport Sciences, Gazi University, Teaching Staff and Classroom Building (BLOCK D) Emniyet Neighborhood, Abant-1 Street, No: 10/1D, Yenimahalle, 06560 Ankara, Türkiye.

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|November 27, 2025
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Summary

Coenzyme Q10 combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) enhances muscle oxidative capacity and neurotrophic factors while reducing lactate levels and inflammation markers in rats.

Keywords:
BDNFGFAPHIITcitrate synthasecoenzyme Q10irisinlactate threshold

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is known to improve metabolic and physiological parameters.
  • Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the electron transport chain and an antioxidant.
  • The combined effects of HIIT and CoQ10 supplementation on metabolic and neurobiological markers are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of CoQ10-supported HIIT on plasma lactate threshold, skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, and circulating irisin and corticosterone levels in rats.
  • To examine the impact of CoQ10-supported HIIT on hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in rats.
  • To elucidate the integrated metabolic and neurobiological adaptations induced by CoQ10-supported HIIT.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, CoQ10 supplementation, HIIT, and HIIT with CoQ10 supplementation.
  • HIIT was conducted five days per week on a treadmill.
  • Measurements included plasma lactate threshold, citrate synthase activity, irisin, corticosterone, hippocampal BDNF, and GFAP using ELISA and immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • The HIIT with CoQ10 group exhibited increased muscle mass, citrate synthase activity, plasma irisin, and hippocampal BDNF.
  • This group also showed reduced GFAP and lactate threshold compared to control, supplementation-only, and HIIT-only groups.
  • Principal Component Analysis revealed distinct clustering, with HIIT and CoQ10 supporting integrated metabolic and neurobiological improvements.

Conclusions:

  • Coenzyme Q10-supported HIIT significantly enhances skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and neurotrophic factor levels in rats.
  • This combined intervention effectively lowers plasma lactate threshold and modulates corticosterone and GFAP, indicating reduced stress and inflammation.
  • The findings suggest that CoQ10 supplementation potentiates the benefits of HIIT, leading to integrated metabolic and neurobiological adaptations.