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Related Experiment Video

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Genetic Testing in Periodontitis: A Narrative Review on Current Applications, Limitations, and Future Perspectives.

Clarissa Modafferi1, Cristina Grippaudo2,3, Andrea Corvaglia2

  • 1UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.

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|November 27, 2025
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Summary

Genetic susceptibility influences periodontitis onset and progression. While genetic tests show promise for personalized periodontal care, clinical integration faces challenges due to study limitations and the need for further validation.

Keywords:
genetic testingoral microbiomaperiodontitispersonalized medicinesystemic diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Periodontal Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Periodontitis involves microbial, environmental, and host genetic factors.
  • Genetic susceptibility significantly impacts periodontitis development and progression.
  • Genetic testing, including SNP analysis and GWAS, has been explored for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review genetic testing in periodontitis.
  • To assess the scientific validity and clinical utility of available genetic tests.
  • To examine the current landscape of genetic diagnostics in periodontology.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a narrative review of recent studies.
  • Searched major scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science).
  • Included articles on genetic susceptibility, gene polymorphisms, and new technologies.

Main Results:

  • Gene polymorphisms (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) are linked to periodontitis.
  • Limitations include study heterogeneity, population stratification, and gene-environment interactions.
  • Emerging technologies like polygenic risk scoring and machine learning show potential.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding genetic susceptibility can advance precision dentistry and personalized periodontal care.
  • Significant hurdles must be overcome for routine clinical adoption of genetic testing.
  • Further research is needed to refine genetic tools for periodontal diagnostics.