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Development and Validation of a Brief Self-Report Scale to Measure Perceived Immune Vulnerability (PIV) in Cancer
Lingyun Sun1,2, Rose Wai-Yee Fok3, Jerrin Bawa2
1Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
Cancers
|November 27, 2025
Summary
A new brief perceived immune vulnerability (PIV) scale was developed for cancer patients. This reliable and valid tool helps assess self-reported immunity, aiding in cancer treatment and patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Patient-reported outcomes are crucial for optimizing cancer treatment.
- No validated self-report scales exist for assessing immune vulnerability in cancer patients.
- Understanding patient perception of immunity is key to improving care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a brief scale for assessing perceived immune vulnerability in cancer survivors.
- To provide a tool for monitoring patient-reported immunity.
Main Methods:
- A five-item brief perceived immune vulnerability (PIV) scale was developed.
- A two-phase study was conducted on cancer survivors in China.
- Phase 1: assessed scale reliability and factor structure. Phase 2: evaluated construct validity against well-being and patient characteristics.
Main Results:
- The PIV scale demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.913) and identified one primary component.
- Lower well-being correlated with worse perceived immune function (r = 0.202, p < 0.001).
- Patients undergoing active treatment and those with advanced stage (III/IV) disease reported worse immune function.
Conclusions:
- The PIV scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing perceived immune vulnerability in cancer patients.
- The scale offers a convenient method for monitoring self-reported immunity in this population.
- Further research is warranted to explore the PIV scale's broader clinical utility.
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