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The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project
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Immersive Virtual Reality Environments as Psychoanalytic Settings: A Conceptual Framework for Modeling Unconscious

Vincenzo Maria Romeo1,2,3

  • 1Department of Culture and Society, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Ed. 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy.

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|November 27, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces a novel framework for Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) therapy, integrating psychoanalytic concepts with Internet of Things (IoT) biosensing. This approach aims to engage the embodied unconscious for enhanced mental health treatment.

Keywords:
EEGaffective computinggalvanic skin response (GSR)heart rate variability (HRV)immersive virtual reality (IVR)internet of things (IoT)psychoanalysisrêveriesymbolizationtransference

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology and Computer Science
  • Digital Health and Psychoanalysis
  • Bioengineering and Affective Computing

Background:

  • Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) is increasingly used in mental health but often lacks psychoanalytic depth.
  • Existing VR therapeutic tools primarily focus on cognitive-behavioral frameworks.
  • Psychoanalysis offers unique concepts like setting, rêverie, and transference for therapeutic design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a conceptual framework for IVR therapeutic settings based on psychoanalytic theory.
  • To integrate Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled biosensing technologies into IVR.
  • To create a model for IVR environments that engage implicit emotional processes.

Main Methods:

  • A three-layer architecture: somatic (IoT biosensing), symbolic-narrative (adaptive VR stimuli), and relational (AI avatars).
  • Real-time physiological monitoring including heart rate variability, skin response, eye-tracking, and EEG.
  • Dynamic adaptation of VR environments based on user's affective state and simulated transference.

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework bridges psychoanalytic metapsychology with bioengineering.
  • It enables engagement with the embodied unconscious beyond explicit cognition.
  • Integration of IoT biosignals allows mapping and modulation of internal states within VR.

Conclusions:

  • This framework offers a novel approach to therapeutic IVR systems.
  • It facilitates deeper engagement with implicit emotional and unconscious processes.
  • Opens new avenues for digital psychoanalysis and clinical applications.