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Function and Mechanism of Small Nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and Their Host Genes (SNHGs) in Malignant Tumors

Jiaji Yu1, Yingjie Shao1,2, Wendong Gu1,2

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, China.

Biomolecules
|November 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and their host genes (SNHGs) are key players in cancer development. Dysregulation of these non-coding RNAs impacts tumor progression, patient prognosis, and offers potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Non-coding RNA Research

Background:

  • Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and their host genes (SNHGs) are non-coding RNAs implicated in tumorigenesis.
  • Dysregulated snoRNAs and SNHGs influence tumor progression via RNA modification, intracellular signaling, and epigenetic mechanisms.
  • These molecules impact critical cancer cell behaviors like proliferation, metastasis, and therapy resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the oncogenic functions and signaling networks of dysregulated snoRNAs and SNHGs in malignancies.
  • To highlight their roles in diverse cancers, including glioblastoma and breast cancer.
  • To explore their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on snoRNAs and SNHGs in cancer.
  • Analysis of their involvement in tumorigenesis, progression, and patient prognosis.
  • Examination of preclinical intervention strategies targeting these non-coding RNAs.

Main Results:

  • snoRNAs and SNHGs significantly impact tumor progression and patient outcomes across various cancers.
  • They contribute to intratumoral heterogeneity, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic remodeling.
  • Several snoRNAs and SNHGs show promise as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, with preclinical interventions yielding positive results.

Conclusions:

  • Dysregulated snoRNAs and SNHGs are crucial in cancer development and progression, affecting multiple cellular processes.
  • Their specific roles vary across cancer types, influencing heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance.
  • Targeting snoRNAs and SNHGs represents a promising avenue for novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
Keywords:
SNHGsregulatory mechanismssnoRNAstumors

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