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Evaluating the Topological Features of Monomeric and Trimeric TRAF2-C: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach.

Fulvio Erba1, Daniela Russo2, Velia Minicozzi3

  • 1Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.

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|November 27, 2025
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Summary

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) C-terminal domain (TRAF2-C) dynamically switches between monomeric and trimeric states. This structural plasticity is crucial for regulating key cellular processes like apoptosis and inflammation.

Keywords:
TNF receptor signalingTRAF2-Coligomerizationprotein dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Protein Dynamics

Background:

  • Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is a critical adaptor protein in TNF receptor signaling pathways.
  • TRAF2's oligomeric state, typically trimeric, influences its function in apoptosis, inflammation, and cell survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the concentration-dependent structural dynamics of the TRAF2 C-terminal domain (TRAF2-C).
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing TRAF2-C's transition between monomeric and trimeric states.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy (FFS)
  • Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
  • Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy
  • Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS)
  • Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations
  • Protein Contact Network (PCN) analysis

Main Results:

  • TRAF2-C readily dissociates into monomers at nanomolar concentrations, with trimers being a minor species.
  • Higher micromolar concentrations strongly promote the formation of TRAF2-C trimers.
  • Protein dissociation correlates with reduced alpha-helical content, while the overall fold remains intact.
  • MD simulations and PCN analysis identified key interfacial residues and hydrogen bonds critical for oligomer stability and dynamic asymmetry.

Conclusions:

  • TRAF2-C exhibits significant concentration-dependent structural plasticity, reversibly switching between monomeric and trimeric states.
  • This dynamic equilibrium is a fundamental regulatory mechanism in TRAF-mediated signaling.
  • Understanding these dynamics offers insights into TNF receptor signaling and potential therapeutic interventions.