Body Size Awareness and Modular Self-Representation in Reedfish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus): Near-Field Passability...

Body size awareness-a component of bodily self-representation-allows animals to match their own dimensions to environmental constraints. This study tested whether reedfish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus), a benthic ray-finned species with limited vision, can evaluate aperture passability relative to their body size. Eight fish performed a "body-as-obstacle" task. After training, each individual completed 36 trials in Experiment 1 (three passable circular apertures of different diameters) and 72 trials in Experiment 2 (one small passable and two larger non-passable apertures). We scored first approach, first penetration attempt, and full passage; data were analyzed with generalized linear models. In Experiment 1, choices were random, unaffected by aperture size or position. In Experiment 2, first approaches were random, but first penetration attempts-and ensuing passages-were directed almost exclusively to the single passable aperture. These results indicate near-field formation of pass/not-pass judgments, likely via tactile and hydrodynamic sensing. The behavioral dissociation between exploratory (epistemic) and goal-directed (pragmatic) actions supports a modular model of self-representation, where distinct sensorimotor loops underlie information gathering and goal execution. Thus, reedfish demonstrate body-size awareness and contribute to comparative evidence that modular self-representation and embodied anticipation may extend deep into vertebrate evolution.