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Development and Psychometric Validation of the Health Professionals' Job Satisfaction Scale.
Ana Lúcia João1,2, Paula Chaves3, Ana Prata Massano3
1School of Health, Santarém Polytechnic University, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
Summary
A new scale, the Health Professionals' Job Satisfaction Scale (ESPST), was developed and validated in Portugal. This tool reliably measures job satisfaction across various healthcare professionals, aiding in well-being and care quality improvements.
Area of Science:
- Healthcare Management
- Occupational Health Psychology
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Job satisfaction is crucial for healthcare professionals' well-being, patient care quality, and organizational performance.
- Existing validated tools in Portugal primarily focus on nurses, lacking a comprehensive instrument for diverse healthcare roles.
- This study addresses the need for a universal job satisfaction assessment tool for various healthcare professionals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Health Professionals' Job Satisfaction Scale (ESPST) for assessing job satisfaction across different healthcare categories in Portugal.
- To provide a psychometrically sound instrument for evaluating job satisfaction in a diverse healthcare workforce.
- To support organizational strategies aimed at enhancing healthcare professional well-being and care delivery.
Main Methods:
- A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 549 healthcare professionals from a Portuguese hospital.
- Development of the ESPST through literature review and expert focus groups, comprising 50 Likert-scale items.
- Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for construct validity and Cronbach's alpha for reliability assessment.
Main Results:
- EFA identified an eight-factor structure explaining 70.3% of the total variance, with a KMO of 0.963 and significant Bartlett's test (p < 0.001).
- The eight factors identified were: leadership and management, nature of work, colleagues, recognition by service users, career progression, human resources, institutional protocols, and peer recognition.
- The ESPST demonstrated excellent reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.973 for the total scale and above 0.84 for subscales.
Conclusions:
- The ESPST is a valid and reliable multidimensional instrument for assessing job satisfaction among diverse healthcare professionals.
- The scale's findings can inform clinical practice and research, guiding organizational efforts to improve professional well-being and healthcare quality.
- Further confirmatory analyses are recommended to enhance the psychometric robustness of the ESPST.
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