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Combined Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation for Healthcare Process Optimization: A Systematic

Jaime Álvarez-Vázquez1,2,3, Manuel Casal-Guisande2,4,5, Alberto Fernández-García6

  • 1Fundación Pública Galega de Investigación Biomédica Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36312 Vigo, Spain.

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Summary

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and simulation offers a powerful approach to optimize healthcare management, reduce waiting times, and improve resource allocation. Further research is needed to overcome implementation barriers and expand applications across hospital departments.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencehealthcare processhospital managementpatient flowsimulationwaiting time

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Management
  • Operations Research
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Healthcare systems grapple with challenges like long waiting times, resource scarcity, and escalating service demand.
  • The synergistic application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and simulation presents a promising strategy for healthcare process optimization.
  • Current integrated applications of AI and simulation in healthcare remain limited, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and analyze current methodological approaches that integrate AI and simulation for enhanced healthcare management.
  • To identify trends and common practices in the combined use of AI and simulation within healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and IEEE Xplore databases, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • The search encompassed articles published between 2014 and 2025, using keywords related to AI, simulation, and healthcare management.
  • A snowball search strategy was employed to identify additional relevant studies, focusing on original research detailing combined AI and simulation applications in healthcare.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-two studies, primarily published between 2021 and 2025, were selected from 2506 identified records, indicating a surge in research interest.
  • The integration of AI and simulation demonstrates potential for enhancing healthcare management efficiency, optimizing resource allocation, and decreasing patient waiting times.
  • Commonly utilized methods include supervised learning algorithms, discrete event simulation (DES), and agent-based systems (ABS), particularly in emergency departments and clinical pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The combined use of AI and simulation is an emerging field poised to revolutionize healthcare process management.
  • Overcoming technological, standardization, and data integration challenges is crucial for effective implementation.
  • Expanding the application of these integrated technologies to more hospital departments is essential to maximize their impact on healthcare delivery.