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Lipids as Anchors

Lipids as Anchors

In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...

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Electrically Controlled Structures in Cholesteric Droplets with Planar Anchoring.

Oxana O Prishchepa¹, Mikhail N Krakhalev^1,2, Anna P Gardymova^1,2

¹Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 27, 2025

Summary

Electric fields induce structural changes in cholesteric droplets. Different voltage switching modes create unique Lyre and bipolar structures, influenced by chirality and surface defects.

Keywords:

cholesteric liquid crystal droplet electric field optical texture orientation structure planar anchoring

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Area of Science:

Liquid crystal physics
Materials science

Background:

Cholesteric liquid crystals exhibit unique structural properties.
Electric fields can alter molecular ordering in liquid crystals.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally investigate structure transformations in cholesteric droplets under electric fields.
To analyze the influence of voltage switching-off modes on resulting structures.

Main Methods:

Experimental study of cholesteric droplets with planar anchoring.
Application of electric fields (E=1.75 V/μm) to induce structural changes.
Analysis of one-step and multi-step voltage switching-off modes.

Main Results:

Initial radial spherical structure transforms to a quasi-nematic untwisting state.
One-step voltage-off mode yields Lyre structures (4.3≤N≤8.5).
Multi-step voltage-off mode produces axis-symmetric and low-symmetric planar bipolar structures.

Conclusions:

The type of voltage switching-off mode significantly impacts cholesteric droplet structures.
Structure formation and stability depend on chirality (N value), anchoring strength, and surface defects.