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The Effect of Maternal Antenatal Care Utilisation on Childhood Acute Respiratory Infection: A Systematic Review and

Melash Asresie1,2, Yibeltal Bekele1,2, Don Vicendese3,4

  • 1School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|November 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Antenatal care (ANC) may reduce acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in young children. However, current evidence, particularly for pneumonia, is inconclusive, necessitating further research.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antenatal care (ANC) presents a key opportunity for preventing acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children under five.
  • The impact of ANC on ARIs is not fully understood and requires comprehensive synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize evidence on the association between antenatal care utilization and ARIs in children under five.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of major databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar) was conducted for studies from 2000-2025.
  • PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed for reporting.
  • Qualitative synthesis was performed for all ARI outcomes, with a meta-analysis specifically for pneumonia.

Main Results:

  • Eleven observational studies examined the ANC-ARI association, covering pneumonia, pertussis, and general ARIs.
  • ANC attendance generally showed reduced odds of respiratory infections.
  • A meta-analysis of two case-control studies (n=956) found a non-significant association between ANC attendance and childhood pneumonia (OR=1.46; 95% CI: 0.91-2.35).

Conclusions:

  • Antenatal care may offer a protective effect against respiratory infections in young children.
  • Evidence regarding ANC's impact on pneumonia is inconclusive.
  • Further research is needed to confirm the benefits of quality ANC in reducing respiratory infections across diverse populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute respiratory infectionantenatal carepneumoniasystematic reviewunder-five children

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