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Outdoor Natural Versus Built Experiments: A Scoping Review and Methodological Recommendations for Psychological

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Exposure to nature benefits mental health, enhancing relaxation and mood. Future research should explore nature

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Established benefits of nature exposure for general well-being (relaxation, mood, attention).
  • Limited research on nature exposure's effects on clinical populations and specific psychological outcomes (e.g., substance use, decision-making).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of experimental literature on nature exposure and psychological outcomes.
  • To provide updated methodological recommendations for future outdoor experiments on nature exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Searched four databases and ten systematic reviews.
  • Included 60 articles comparing natural versus built environments with short exposure durations.
  • Synthesized experimental data on psychological outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Nature exposure significantly impacts psychological well-being.
  • Identified gaps in research concerning clinical populations and specific behavioral outcomes.
  • Highlighted limitations in current experimental designs.

Conclusions:

  • Future research needs larger, diverse samples and baseline measurements.
  • Recommendations include expanding environmental comparisons and assessing safety and environmental conditions.
  • Findings support nature-prescription programs and interventions.