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Using Spatial Technologies to Assess Risk Factors for Diarrheal Disease Under Environmental Variability in

Ryan van der Heijden1, Elizabeth M B Doran1,2, Parker King2,3

  • 1Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diarrheal disease (DD) risk in children is influenced by different factors at various scales. Household DD is linked to socio-demographics, while regional DD is driven by environmental factors like rainfall and water proximity.

Keywords:
BangladeshGISclimate changediarrheal diseaseenvironmental healthrandom forestspatial analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Public health
  • Climate change adaptation

Background:

  • Diarrheal disease (DD) is a major global health issue, especially for children under five, linked to poor sanitation, water access, and hygiene.
  • Low- and middle-income countries, particularly in South Asia, face high DD burdens and are vulnerable to climate change, which may worsen risks.
  • Understanding the interplay of environmental and social drivers of DD at local scales is crucial for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of environmental and socio-demographic factors on diarrheal disease risk across different scales in Bangladesh.
  • To assess the relative importance of these factors at household and regional levels.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 21,779 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) records from Bangladesh.
  • Integration of DHS data with remotely sensed environmental data (forest cover, temperature, rainfall).
  • Application of Random Forest machine learning models to evaluate variable importance.

Main Results:

  • Diarrheal disease risk is scale-dependent: household outcomes correlate with socio-demographic factors.
  • Regional diarrheal disease outcomes are more strongly associated with environmental features like precipitation, elevation, and proximity to water bodies.

Conclusions:

  • Scale-sensitive approaches are essential for assessing environmental health risks.
  • Developing climate-adaptive public health strategies requires considering different scales of influence.