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Monocytes/Macrophages and Atherogenesis

Sergey Kozlov1, Tatiana Riazantseva1, Ivan Melnikov1,2

  • 1National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I. Chazov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Street, Moscow 121552, Russia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Monocytes/macrophages are key players in atherosclerosis, driving inflammation and plaque growth, but also aiding in lesion resolution. Understanding their dual role is crucial for developing new cardiovascular disease treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a major cardiovascular disease driven by lipoprotein retention and vascular inflammation.
  • Monocytes/macrophages are central to atherogenesis, influencing inflammation, plaque development, and stability.
  • Their complex, dual role necessitates further research for therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on monocyte/macrophage classification and functions in atherosclerosis.
  • To discuss hypotheses on monocyte/macrophage involvement in atherogenesis.
  • To identify existing gaps in knowledge regarding these cells in cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on monocytes/macrophages in atherogenesis.
  • Synthesis of data on cell classification, functions, and disease involvement.
  • Identification of research gaps and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Monocytes/macrophages are pivotal in initiating and escalating vascular inflammation.
  • These cells significantly contribute to atherosclerotic plaque growth and destabilization.
  • Conversely, monocytes/macrophages are also vital for resolving inflammation and stabilizing lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Monocyte/macrophage function is critical in both the progression and resolution phases of atherosclerosis.
  • Further research into their complex roles is essential for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting monocyte/macrophage pathways may offer new strategies for preventing atherosclerosis and its complications.

Keywords:
atherogenesiscell deathfibrosisinflammationinnate immunitymacrophagesmonocytesphagocytosistissue repair

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