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Related Concept Videos

Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
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The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Sensitive Measurement of Mitophagy by Flow Cytometry Using the pH-dependent Fluorescent Reporter mt-Keima
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Mitochondrial Quality Control and Cell Death.

Zurui Zhang1,2, Mengyuan Zhang1, Hongchi Jin1

  • 1The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial quality control maintains cell health through biogenesis, fusion, fission, and autophagy. This review explores these mechanisms and their links to cell death processes like pyroptosis, apoptosis, and ferroptosis.

Keywords:
apoptosisferroptosismitochondrial autophagymitochondrial dynamicsmitochondrial fissionmitochondrial fusionmitochondrial quality controlpyroptosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondrial quality control is essential for cellular homeostasis and function.
  • It involves complex processes like biogenesis, fusion, fission, and autophagy.
  • Dysregulation is linked to cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and senescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mitochondrial structure, function, and quality control mechanisms.
  • To elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial quality control and cell death pathways.
  • To summarize key proteins, enzymes, and molecular mechanisms involved.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mitochondrial quality control processes.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy.
  • Integration of findings with cell death pathways (pyroptosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis).

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission, and autophagy.
  • Explanation of how mitochondrial quality control impacts cellular energy supply and prevents damage.
  • Summary of proteins and enzymes critical for these processes.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial quality control is vital for preventing cytotoxicity and maintaining cellular health.
  • A novel "spatiotemporal-threshold" model for the mitochondrial quality control-cell death axis is proposed.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for addressing age-related diseases and cellular dysfunction.