Modern Strategies for Osteoporosis Therapy: Current Status and Prospects for Targeted Intervention

Area of Science:

• Bone Biology and Metabolism
• Endocrinology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Osteoporosis is a growing global health concern, often asymptomatic until fractures occur.
• It stems from multifactorial processes including genetics, epigenetics, inflammation, and metabolic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current data on osteoporosis pathogenesis.
• To summarize existing and emerging treatment strategies for osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific data on osteoporosis.
• Analysis of current therapeutic agents and novel drug development.

Main Results:

• Osteoporosis pathogenesis involves complex interactions: genetics, non-coding RNA, osteoimmunology, oxidative stress, senescence, and fat-bone crosstalk.
• Established treatments like bisphosphonates and hormone therapies increase bone density and reduce fractures but have limitations.
• Novel agents including antibodies, siRNAs, aptamers, and small molecules show promise.

Conclusions:

• Targeting bone metabolism pathways offers improved therapeutic options.
• Advancements in understanding pathogenesis are driving the development of new osteoporosis treatments.