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Exosomes in Clinical Laboratory: From Biomarker Discovery to Diagnostic Implementation
1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|November 27, 2025
Summary
Exosomes show promise as non-invasive biomarkers for diverse diseases, potentially improving diagnostics. Overcoming challenges in isolation and standardization is key to realizing their full clinical potential.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Exosomes are extracellular vesicles crucial for intercellular communication.
- Their molecular cargo reflects the physiological state of parent cells.
- Exosomes are emerging as valuable biomarkers for disease diagnostics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in exosome-based diagnostics.
- To highlight the potential of exosomes as non-invasive biomarkers.
- To discuss challenges and future directions for exosome implementation.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on exosome biomarkers.
- Analysis of diagnostic proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids within exosomes.
- Discussion of isolation techniques and analytical platforms.
Main Results:
- Exosomes contain diverse molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids) indicative of disease.
- Exosome-based liquid biopsies offer non-invasive monitoring of disease progression.
- Exosomes may surpass the sensitivity of conventional biomarkers.
Conclusions:
- Exosomes hold significant potential for transforming diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring.
- Standardization of isolation and analytical protocols is crucial for clinical implementation.
- Further validation and integration into clinical workflows are needed to realize exosome potential.
