The Association and Significance of MDM2 and NF-κB Protein Expression in Multiple Myeloma

Background and Objectives: This pilot study examines the expression of MDM2 and NF-κB proteins in CD138-positive plasma cells in patients with multiple myeloma treated with bortezomib-based therapy, exploring their possible interplay and correlations with clinical and selected prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: We analyzed MDM2 and NF-κB protein expression via double immunohistochemical staining of bone marrow trephine biopsies obtained at diagnosis and after bortezomib-based therapy. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the significance of changes in protein expression before and after therapy and their association with clinical and prognostic parameters. Results: Key findings revealed a positive correlation between MDM2 and NF-κB, as well as a significant decrease in their expression following therapy. Decreased NF-κB expression seems to be an independent prognostic factor for improved renal function. Conclusions: The results demonstrated for the first time the in vivo protein expression of MDM2 in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma, as well as the possible effect of bortezomib on the expression of this protein in the microenvironment of multiple myeloma.