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Effects of Mechanical Methods Used in Peri-implantitis Treatment on Implant Surface Decontamination and Roughness
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Implant Surface Variability Between Progressive Knife-Edge Thread Design and International Organization for

Davide Farronato1, Luca Poncia2, Marco Vidotto3

  • 1Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, School of Dentistry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dental implant thread design significantly impacts stability. Progressive knife-edge threads offer greater surface area, potentially enhancing osseointegration, especially in larger diameter implants.

Keywords:
ISO threadbiomechanicsimplantologyknife-edge threadsurface areathread design

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Dental Implantology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Implant thread design is crucial for primary stability and osseointegration.
  • Different thread geometries influence bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and biomechanical performance.
  • Understanding surface area differences is key to optimizing implant success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the external surface areas of progressive knife-edge and V-shaped metric ISO thread designs.
  • To analyze how thread design and diameter affect surface area and potential osseointegration.
  • To evaluate the theoretical impact of thread geometry on implant biomechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Virtual creation of six dental implant models with progressive knife-edge and ISO thread designs (non-self-tapping and tapping).
  • Inclusion of two diameters (3.8 mm and 4.6 mm) with identical lengths (9.5 mm) and external outlines.
  • Measurement of total, superior, and inferior external surface areas using SolidWorks, calculating percentage difference (ΔESA).

Main Results:

  • The 4.6 mm knife-edge design showed a +9.9% greater external surface area (ΔESA) than the ISO self-tapping model.
  • The 3.8 mm diameter favored the ISO self-tapping model with a -1.5% ΔESA.
  • Knife-edge designs consistently yielded greater ΔESA in the apical halves (+9.3% to +23.5%), while tapping areas negatively impacted ΔESA.

Conclusions:

  • Progressive knife-edge threads provide a larger external surface area than ISO threads, particularly for 4.6 mm diameter implants.
  • The apical region's surface area is significantly influenced by thread design, with knife-edge designs showing an advantage.
  • Further research is required to correlate these surface area differences with actual primary and secondary implant stability.