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Manganese Volatilization and Its Influence on Low-Pressure Carburizing Process Effects
Radomir Atraszkiewicz1, Piotr Zgórniak2
1Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
Summary
Manganese (Mn) volatilization during low-pressure carburizing (LPC) increases with holding time but can be limited by step carburizing and higher carbon concentrations. This phenomenon
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Metallurgy
- Surface Engineering
Background:
- Low-pressure carburizing (LPC) is a surface hardening technique.
- Manganese (Mn) behavior during LPC affects surface properties.
- Quantitative data on Mn volatilization in LPC is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantitatively characterize Mn volatilization depth and fraction during LPC.
- To investigate the influence of Mn volatilization on surface layer properties.
- To explore methods for limiting Mn volatilization.
Main Methods:
- Quantitative characterization of Mn volatilization.
- Analysis of surface layer properties under LPC conditions.
- Implementation of step carburizing to control Mn escape.
Main Results:
- Mn volatilization increases with holding time at carburizing temperature.
- Step carburizing effectively limits Mn volatilization intensity.
- Increased surface carbon concentration reduces Mn escape due to attractive interactions.
- Mn volatilization influence diminishes with increasing carburized layer thickness.
Conclusions:
- Mn volatilization is a critical factor influencing LPC kinetics and post-treatment effects.
- Process parameters like holding time, step carburizing, and carbon concentration control Mn escape.
- Understanding Mn behavior is essential for optimizing surface hardening through LPC.
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