Samarium-Doped Lead Phosphate Glass: Optical Experiments and Calculations Using the Judd-Ofelt Theory

In this work, Sm³⁺-activated lead phosphate glass has been studied using spectroscopic methods. Based on absorption spectrum measurements, the oscillator strengths for Sm³⁺ ions were determined and compared to those calculated from the Judd-Ofelt theory. This procedure was applied to evaluate some radiative parameters (radiative transition rates, emission branching ratios, radiative lifetime) of Sm³⁺ ions in lead phosphate glass. Further luminescent studies indicate that lead phosphate glass doped with Sm³⁺ emits intense reddish-orange light due to ⁴G_5/2 ⟶ ⁶H_7/2 transition, for which several important spectroscopic parameters like emission linewidth and lifetime, quantum efficiency, peak stimulated emission cross-section, and figure of merit for laser gain were determined. The factors for Sm³⁺ ions in lead phosphate glass are as follows: η = 53%, FWHM = 10.5 nm, τ_exp = 1.925 ms, σ_em = 7.6 × 10^-22 cm², σ_em × τ_exp = 14.6 × 10^-25 cm²s. The experimental and theoretical results suggest that samarium-doped lead phosphate glass can be successfully used as a reddish-orange-emitting component in photonic devices.