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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Published on: December 10, 2013
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Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes Among Pediatric Cancer Patients with Respiratory Viral Infection
Alon Kristal1, Avi Magid2,3,4, Nira Arad-Cohen5
1The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
Microorganisms
|November 27, 2025
Summary
Viral infections in pediatric cancer patients can lead to severe outcomes. Adenovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections, along with low oxygen saturation, are linked to worse results, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Virology
Background:
- Viral respiratory infections present a significant threat to pediatric cancer patients, potentially causing treatment delays, extended hospital stays, and increased mortality.
- Limited data exist on the specific factors contributing to severe clinical outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory factors associated with severe outcomes of viral respiratory infections in pediatric cancer patients.
- To identify specific viruses and clinical parameters that predict adverse events in this cohort.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of pediatric cancer patients diagnosed with viral respiratory infections (Adenovirus, RSV, HMPV, SARS-CoV-2, Parainfluenza, Influenza) between 2016 and 2022.
- Data collected included demographics, clinical details, and laboratory results; statistical analyses (GEE) were used to assess associations with severe outcomes (PICU admission, prolonged hospitalization, co-bacterial infections, 30-day mortality).
Main Results:
- 366 viral infection episodes were analyzed in 238 patients. Adenovirus infection (OR=2.97) and antibiotic therapy (OR=3.62) were significantly associated with severe outcomes. Low oxygen saturation (<92%) increased severe outcome odds by 5.71 times.
- Influenza and Adenovirus were the most common viruses. Prolonged hospitalization was the most frequent severe outcome (33 cases).
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) showed a positive association with severe outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies (OR=4.08).
Conclusions:
- Adenovirus infection is a significant risk factor for severe outcomes in pediatric cancer patients.
- RSV is particularly associated with adverse events in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies, underscoring the importance of vaccination.
- Low oxygen saturation is a critical indicator for severe outcomes, necessitating prompt intervention.
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