Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

6.4K
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall....
6.4K
Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

3.6K
Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a...
3.6K
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

2.6K
An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
2.6K
Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors01:13

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

1.8K
Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, which are displayed on a chromatogram. Detectors can be categorized into two main types: destructive and non-destructive.
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...
1.8K
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

1.0K
In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
1.0K
Mass Spectrometry of Amines01:15

Mass Spectrometry of Amines

5.3K
In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic...
5.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pressurised liquid extraction of arylbutanoid and diarylheptanoid glycosides from <i>Betula pubescens</i> phloem.

Natural product research·2026
Same author

Targeted and Non-Targeted Screening of Organic Pollutants in Atmospheric Aerosols of Arctic Urban Agglomeration Using TD-GC-Orbitrap MS.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Lignin-Carbohydrate Nano-Sized Structures: An Evidence of Intracellular Lignin Biosynthesis?

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Liquid Chromatography with Dual Mass Spectrometry Detection: An Approach to the Determination of Br-Containing Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Chemical Transformations of Lignin Under the Action of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids: Covalent Bonding and the Role of Anion.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Bioactive Lignan Glycosides in Stems of Marsh Rosemary (<i>Rhododendron tomentosum</i>): Non-Targeted Screening and Identification Using Two-Stage Analytical Strategy.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography
08:22

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: May 15, 2020

8.1K

A GC-MS Database of Nitrogen-Rich Volatile Compounds.

Anastasia Yu Sholokhova1, Svetlana A Borovikova1, Dmitry S Kosyakov2

  • 1Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31-4, Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia.

Toxics
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) environmental transformation products are toxic and persistent. A new free online database of 104 nitrogen-containing compounds aids their identification using GC-MS, improving environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
electron ionizationgas chromatographymass spectrometryretention indexunsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine

More Related Videos

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes
07:49

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes

Published on: August 5, 2016

11.1K
Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
10:14

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

5.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography
08:22

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: May 15, 2020

8.1K
On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes
07:49

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes

Published on: August 5, 2016

11.1K
Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
10:14

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

5.4K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) is a rocket propellant with significant environmental release potential.
  • UDMH degrades into numerous toxic and persistent transformation products.
  • Existing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) databases lack comprehensive data on these specific nitrogen-rich compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations in identifying UDMH transformation products.
  • To create a specialized database for these challenging compounds.
  • To enhance environmental monitoring and risk assessment related to UDMH.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a database containing 104 nitrogen-containing compounds, including UDMH transformation products.
  • Inclusion of retention indices for non-polar and polar stationary GC phases.
  • Inclusion of electron ionization mass spectra (70 eV) for each compound.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive database of UDMH transformation products and related nitrogen-containing heterocycles was compiled.
  • The database provides crucial spectral and chromatographic data for identification via GC-MS.
  • The database includes derivatives of triazoles, pyrazoles, imidazoles, pyridines, diazines, and triazines.

Conclusions:

  • The new database significantly improves the ability to identify UDMH transformation products in environmental samples.
  • This resource is valuable for researchers and environmental agencies monitoring UDMH contamination.
  • The database is freely available online, facilitating wider scientific use and promoting environmental safety.