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High-Sensitivity Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Transducer Design Based on PMN-PT Bending Vibration Modes.

Junwen Deng1, Xingyu Chen1, Yuliang Zhu1

  • 1School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel ultrasonic transducer design enhances gas pipeline leak detection. Optimized with a horn-type matching layer and bending-mode piezoelectric material, it offers superior sensitivity for industrial safety.

Keywords:
air-coupledbending vibration modesgas leak detectionhigh sensitivityultrasonic transducer

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Gas pipelines are vital for industrial transport.
  • Effective gas leak detection requires sensitive ultrasonic transducers.
  • Existing technologies may lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and optimize a novel air-coupled ultrasonic transducer for gas pipeline leak detection.
  • To investigate the influence of design parameters on transducer performance.
  • To demonstrate the superior sensitivity of the proposed transducer design.

Main Methods:

  • Finite element method (FEM) for transducer design optimization.
  • Analysis of piezoelectric bimorph dimensions and their effect on bending vibration.
  • Investigation of horn and supporting tube effects on vibration modes.
  • Parametric scanning for optimizing transducer output.
  • Fabrication and testing of transducers using PMN-PT and PZT materials.

Main Results:

  • The novel transducer design incorporates a horn-type matching layer and bending-mode piezoelectric material.
  • FEM optimization identified key dimensional parameters for enhanced performance.
  • Fabricated transducers, particularly the PMN-PT version, exhibited higher sensitivity than commercial counterparts.
  • The PMN-PT transducer achieved a center frequency of 40 kHz and a peak receiving sensitivity of -51.1 dB.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed air-coupled ultrasonic transducer design is highly effective for gas leak detection.
  • The combination of a horn-type matching layer, bending vibration mode, and high-performance piezoelectric materials (PMN-PT) leads to superior sensitivity.
  • This technology represents a promising advancement for high-precision gas pipeline leak detection systems.