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Updated: May 12, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Atomic Force Microscopy of Poliovirus Particles After Inactivation by Chemical Methods and Accelerated Electrons.

Sergey V Kraevsky^1,2, Sergey L Kanashenko¹, Alena V Kolesnichenko¹

¹Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.

|November 27, 2025

Summary

Irradiation and chemical methods effectively inactivate poliovirus, preserving D-antigen recovery. However, irradiation and formaldehyde treatments caused particle fragmentation, unlike beta-propiolactone, impacting vaccine development.

Keywords:

atomic force microscopy inactivated oral vaccine strains non-infectious vaccine-like particles

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Alternative In Vitro Methods for the Determination of Viral Capsid Structural Integrity

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Published on: November 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Virology
Vaccine Development
Biophysics

Background:

Traditional vaccine inactivation uses chemicals like beta-propiolactone or formaldehyde.
Irradiation presents an alternative inactivation method.
Viral particle shape changes post-inactivation can affect antigen preservation and immunogenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the effects of irradiation and chemical inactivation on poliovirus structure and antigen preservation.
To assess the suitability of different inactivation methods for vaccine production.

Main Methods:

Poliovirus strain Sabin 2 inactivation using accelerated electrons (30.5 kGy) and chemical agents (beta-propiolactone, formaldehyde).
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for D-antigen recovery.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron microscopy for structural analysis.
Specific antibody sorption assays to evaluate antigen integrity.

Main Results:

All inactivation methods yielded comparable D-antigen recovery.
Beta-propiolactone and formaldehyde caused particle flattening.
Accelerated electrons and formaldehyde resulted in significant viral particle fragmentation (17-38%).
Beta-propiolactone showed minimal fragmentation (<1%).

Conclusions:

While irradiation and chemical inactivation preserve poliovirus D-antigen, structural integrity varies.
Beta-propiolactone appears superior in maintaining capsid structure compared to formaldehyde and irradiation.
Further research is needed to optimize inactivation methods for maximal antigenicity and minimal fragmentation in vaccine development.