Suboptimal Caloric and Micronutrient Intakes in Female Student Athletes Across Several Division 1 Collegiate Sports
Rachel L Victor1, Morgan M Nishisaka1,2, Alexandra F McGrath1
1Nutrition Program, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
Nutrients
|November 27, 2025
Summary
Female collegiate athletes often underconsume calories and essential micronutrients like calcium and iron, despite exceeding recommendations for others. Addressing these dietary gaps is crucial for their health and athletic performance.
Area of Science:
- Sports Nutrition
- Dietary Assessment
- Micronutrient Research
Background:
- Optimal nutrition is vital for athletic training, recovery, performance, and injury prevention.
- While macronutrient intake is well-studied in athletes, micronutrient intake remains under-researched.
- Female collegiate athletes represent a population that may have unique nutritional needs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate caloric and specific micronutrient consumption in female collegiate athletes.
- To compare dietary intake against established nutritional requirements for athletes.
- To identify potential nutrient shortfalls and excesses within this demographic.
Main Methods:
- Participants from seven sports completed 3-day food records.
- Dietary intake data was analyzed and compared to individual nutritional needs.
- Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant deviations from recommended intakes.
Main Results:
- Average intakes for vitamin C, vitamin K, and sodium significantly exceeded recommendations.
- Average intakes for calories, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron were significantly below recommendations.
- Specific athletes (indoor volleyball, golf, tennis) showed pronounced deficiencies in vitamin A and iron.
Conclusions:
- Female collegiate athletes frequently exhibit inadequate intake of critical micronutrients and calories.
- These deficiencies pose risks to health, well-being, and athletic capabilities.
- Targeted nutrition education, counseling, and resources are essential to optimize athlete nutrition and performance.
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