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Exophiala infection: A systematic review.

Shan Xue1, Jing Wang2, Haoyan Wang3

  • 1Neuro Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Medicine
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study reviewed Exophiala fungal infections, finding distinct species predilections for infection sites. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement emerged as a critical risk factor for mortality in patients with Exophiala infections.

Keywords:
correlationepidemiologyfungiinfection sitereviewrisk

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Limited understanding of rare fungal infections caused by Exophiala species.
  • Need for comprehensive data on patient outcomes and risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Conduct a systematic review of patients with Exophiala infections.
  • Identify common species, infection sites, and mortality risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic retrospective analysis of 248 articles involving 298 patients.
  • Data retrieved from PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.
  • Statistical analyses included Chi-square test and binary logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • 19 Exophiala species identified; E dermatitidis, E jeanselmei, and E spinifera were most prevalent.
  • Common infection sites: subcutaneous tissue, lung, skin, with species-specific predilections.
  • Central nervous system (CNS) infection was the sole independent mortality risk factor (OR=35.432, P<.001).

Conclusions:

  • Exophiala species demonstrate varied site predilections for infection.
  • CNS infection is a significant predictor of mortality in Exophiala infections.
  • Findings can guide clinical diagnosis and management strategies.