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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

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Bioavailable testosterone and thyroid cancer: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Qiuqin Xu1, Hongzhan Jiang2, Yi Li3

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Xiamen Hospital, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.

Medicine
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bioavailable testosterone (BioT) may protect females against thyroid carcinoma, according to Mendelian randomization analysis. This study found a suggestive negative correlation in females but not males, indicating a potential causal link.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationtestosteronethyroid carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Genetic Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bioavailable testosterone (BioT) plays a role in various physiological processes.
  • The relationship between BioT and thyroid carcinoma risk is not well understood.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) provide valuable genetic data for exploring such relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal relationship between BioT and thyroid carcinoma risk.
  • To differentiate the association in males and females using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
  • Employed genetic variants associated with BioT from large GWAS cohorts (UK Biobank).
  • Assessed thyroid carcinoma outcomes from the FinnGen GWAS, applying inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger methods.

Main Results:

  • A suggestive negative correlation was observed between BioT and thyroid carcinoma risk in the female cohort (OR=0.690, P=0.043) using the IVW approach.
  • No significant correlation was found in the male cohort (P=0.461).
  • Sensitivity analyses did not reveal significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusions:

  • Bioavailable testosterone may act as a protective factor against thyroid carcinoma in females.
  • The findings suggest a potential causal link between BioT and thyroid carcinoma, particularly in women.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these preliminary results.