Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 10, 2026
08:18
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
595
Changes in Lower Eyelid Appearance Following Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures
Samin Rahbin1,2, Ola Sunnergren3, Hatef Darabi4
1Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
The Laryngoscope
|November 27, 2025
Summary
Lower eyelid incisions are a primary cause of lower eyelid bag loss and asymmetry after zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. Trauma and healing also contribute to these cosmetic changes, even without incisions.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Facial Trauma Reconstruction
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures can lead to significant facial aesthetic deformities.
- Lower eyelid contour is crucial for facial aesthetics and can be affected by ZMC fractures and their treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence and causes of lower eyelid bag loss and asymmetry following ZMC fracture treatment.
- To differentiate the impact of surgical versus conservative management on lower eyelid aesthetics.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 104 patients with unilateral ZMC fractures.
- Classification of fractures based on infraorbital rim involvement.
- Photographic evaluation of lower eyelid bags and asymmetry at follow-up.
Main Results:
- Lower eyelid asymmetry due to bag loss occurred in 40.4% of patients.
- A significant association was found between lower eyelid incisions and asymmetry (p=0.008).
- Asymmetry was observed even in patients without lower eyelid incisions.
Conclusions:
- Lower eyelid incisions represent a key factor in the loss of eyelid bags post-ZMC fracture.
- Soft tissue trauma and healing processes inherent to ZMC fractures can also lead to eyelid bag loss independently of surgical incisions.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Accessory Structures of the Eye
3.3K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
3.3K
01:14Muscles for Facial Expressions
4.6K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
4.6K
01:22Sutures of the Skull
10.0K
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
10.0K
01:08Overview of the Skull
7.4K
The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
7.4K