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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Mortar properties encompass a range of characteristics crucial for construction and masonry work, including workability, water retention, bond strength, durability, compressive strength, volume change, and appearance. Workability refers to mortar's ability to be easily applied and manipulated without sagging or falling off surfaces, which is important for efficient masonry unit placement and alignment. Water retention is essential to prevent the mortar from losing moisture too quickly to...
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Pozzolans01:21

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Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
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Types of Cement II01:22

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Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
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Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

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Exploring the Multifunctional Potential of Bioactive Glass-Ionomer Cements.

J O Makanjuola1, R G Hill2, S A Niazi1,3

  • 1Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.

Journal of Dental Research
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel sodium-free bioactive glass (J-BAG) for glass-ionomer cements (GICs). Incorporating J-BAG enhances mechanical strength, ion release, antibacterial properties, and mineralization, offering improved dental restorative materials.

Keywords:
antimicrobials/antimicrobial resistancebioactive materialsbiofilm(s)glass ionomermechanical propertiesmineralized tissue/development

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Conventional bioactive glasses in glass-ionomer cements (GICs) improve mineralization but have poor mechanical properties due to high sodium content.
  • There is a need for advanced GICs with enhanced mechanical and therapeutic properties for improved clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel sodium-free, fluoride- and magnesium-enriched bioactive glass (J-BAG) for GICs.
  • To evaluate the effects of J-BAG incorporation on the mechanical performance, ion release, antibacterial efficacy, and mineralization capacity of GICs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized J-BAG (38.3SiO2-6P2O5-43.9CaO-6.8CaF2-5MgO) and experimental ionomer glasses using the melt-quench technique.
  • Incorporated J-BAG into experimental Mg-Zn and reference Fuji IX GICs at varying weight percentages (5%, 10%, 15%).
  • Assessed mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, microhardness), ion release, antibacterial activity against cariogenic biofilms, and mineralization capacity in vitro.

Main Results:

  • J-BAG incorporation (5-10 wt%) significantly improved compressive strength, flexural strength, and microhardness of GICs compared to unmodified controls.
  • Enhanced fluoride, magnesium, and zinc ion release was observed in J-BAG-modified GICs.
  • J-BAG enhanced antibacterial efficacy against multispecies cariogenic biofilms and promoted significant mineral deposition on demineralized dentine surfaces.
  • Optimal J-BAG loading was determined to be 5% in Mg-Zn GIC (LG5) and 10% in Fuji IX (F10).

Conclusions:

  • The novel sodium-free J-BAG, when incorporated into GICs at optimal concentrations, simultaneously enhances mechanical properties, ion release, antibacterial activity, and mineralization.
  • These multifunctional J-BAG-modified GICs represent a promising advancement for atraumatic restorative treatments and long-term tooth rehabilitation, particularly for high-caries-risk patients.