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Conductivity Boost by the Loading-Soaking Doping (LSD) Procedure: A Crystalline Structure-Preserving Strategy.

Duo Liu^1,2, Zhongxiang Peng¹, Yanchun Han^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|November 27, 2025

Summary

Loading-soaking doping (LSD) preserves conjugated polymer crystallinity for enhanced organic electronics. This method improves conductivity by 11-fold over conventional doping without structural damage.

Keywords:

conjugated polymers crystallinity preservation electrical conductivity loading-soaking doping (LSD)molecular doping

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Electronics
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Molecular doping is crucial for tuning conjugated polymer electrical properties in organic optoelectronics.
Conventional solution doping methods often degrade polymer crystalline order, hindering charge carrier mobility and device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a crystalline structure-preserving doping strategy for conjugated polymers.
To investigate the impact of loading-soaking doping (LSD) on polymer morphology and electrical properties compared to conventional methods.

Main Methods:

Loading-soaking doping (LSD) strategy involving selective dopant localization in amorphous regions.
Utilizing a F4TCNQ-cyclopentanone (CPO) complex for initial dopant distribution, followed by immersion in F4TCNQ-acetonitrile (ACN) solution.
Characterization of polymer crystallinity, domain size, and molecular orientation before and after doping.

Main Results:

LSD method successfully preserved the crystalline integrity of P3HT films, enhancing crystalline domain size from 104.3 Å to 121.7 Å.
LSD-doped P3HT films achieved a conductivity of 66.8 S/cm, an 11-fold improvement compared to solution-mixed doping (SMD).
SMD significantly disrupted polymer ordering, reducing domain size to 52.4 Å, while LSD maintained crystallinity and molecular orientation.

Conclusions:

Loading-soaking doping (LSD) offers a superior alternative to conventional doping for enhancing charge transport in conjugated polymers.
This strategy effectively optimizes dopant distribution, leading to high conductivity without compromising structural integrity.
LSD presents a promising route for advancing high-performance organic optoelectronic devices.