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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
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Genetically Encoded In Vivo Ligation-Driven Targeted Drug Delivery System for Oncotheranostics.

Anastasiia S Obozina1, Alexander V Gopanenko1,2, Svetlana D Zvereva1

  • 1Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow, Russia.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel, genetically encoded two-step drug delivery system (DDS) enhances cancer treatment by improving nanoparticle accumulation and reducing toxicity. This innovative approach offers a safer and more effective method for targeted cancer therapies.

Keywords:
affibodyencapsulinself‐assembling protein nanoparticlestargeted chemotherapytargeted drug deliverytheranostics

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Analysis of Targeted Viral Protein Nanoparticles Delivered to HER2+ Tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Nanoparticle-based cancer therapies face challenges like inconsistent synthesis, low delivery efficiency, and off-target toxicity.
  • Genetically encoded protein nanoparticles offer a reproducible and biocompatible alternative.
  • Two-step injection strategies can improve tumor accumulation of therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a first-in-class, genetically encoded two-step drug delivery system (DDS) for targeted cancer treatment.
  • To utilize encapsulin nanoparticles for HER2-overexpressing tumor targeting.
  • To address challenges in nanoparticle delivery and toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a fully genetically encoded two-step DDS using affibody fusion protein for pre-targeting and Thermotoga maritima encapsulin nanoparticles for drug delivery.
  • In vivo ligation via SpyTag/SpyCatcher system for targeted binding to HER2+ tumors.
  • Evaluation of specificity, tumor inhibition, and cardiotoxicity in preclinical models.

Main Results:

  • The proteinaceous nanosystem showed high specificity for HER2+ cells, with an order of magnitude increase in binding compared to controls.
  • The two-step DDS achieved 95% tumor growth inhibition, significantly outperforming one-step delivery and free doxorubicin.
  • The system completely eliminated heart toxicity associated with doxorubicin, while maintaining potent anti-cancer effects.

Conclusions:

  • The developed genetically encoded two-step DDS represents a novel and effective approach for targeted cancer therapy.
  • This platform overcomes key limitations of current nanoparticle treatments, including poor tumor accumulation and reproducibility.
  • The system offers a promising strategy for developing safer and more efficacious cancer treatments.