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Modelling epidemics with memory effects: an open quantum system approach.

Fabio Bagarello1,2, Francesco Gargano1, Polina Khrennikova3

  • 1Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universita degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a quantum-inspired epidemic model using open quantum systems to analyze infectious disease spread. The research explores how memory parameters affect epidemic dynamics and model validity.

Keywords:
epidemics modellingoperatorial methodssemi-Markovian process

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Quantum Physics
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Infectious disease dynamics are complex.
  • Traditional models may not capture all aspects of disease spread.
  • Quantum mechanics offers novel frameworks for complex systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantum-inspired epidemic model.
  • To analyze infectious disease dynamics using open quantum systems.
  • To investigate the impact of memory parameters on epidemic evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a framework using open quantum systems and Hilbert space formalism.
  • Treated the healthy population as a reservoir.
  • Developed mathematical equations capturing Markovian and semi-Markovian dynamics.
  • Performed numerical experiments to study memory parameter effects.

Main Results:

  • The quantum-inspired model provides a framework for epidemic dynamics.
  • Varying memory parameters influences epidemic evolution.
  • Identified conditions for the model's physical admissibility.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum-inspired models offer a new perspective on epidemic dynamics.
  • Memory effects are crucial for understanding disease spread.
  • The model's physical constraints are essential for its validity.