Latent profile analysis of rumination subtypes and associations with suicidal ideation and behavior

This study examined profiles of rumination and their associations with suicidal ideation and behavior. Two hundred fourteen adults (≥18 years) completed an online survey between July 2024 and March 2025. Latent profile analysis used four rumination subtypes. Five profiles emerged: low (20.1%), moderate reflection-deliberate (30.4%), moderate brooding-intrusive (21.0%), high reflection-deliberate (11.2%), and high brooding-intrusive (17.3%). Compared with the low rumination class, depression was higher in the moderate and high brooding-intrusive classes (ORs = 1.95-2.10), anxiety was elevated across all higher-rumination classes (ORs = 1.61-2.33), and attentional control was lower in the moderate and high brooding-intrusive rumination classes (ORs = 0.82). Moderate and high classes also showed greater suicidal ideation, intensity, and risk. Both brooding-intrusive and reflection-deliberate rumination were associated with increased suicide risk, underscoring the need to address diverse rumination styles in suicide prevention.