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Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia, not otherwise specified, rare types B/T leukemia: a case report in the Jordanian
Tania Ogeilat1, Bayan Al-Zghoul1, Mohammad Jasser Maaita1
1Princess Iman Center for Research and Laboratory Sciences, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan.
Abstract:
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) represents approximately 3-5% of all acute leukemia cases and is defined by blast populations that co-express markers from more than one hematopoietic lineage. In most cases, blasts exhibit myeloid markers together with either B-cell or T-cell markers. The rarest subtype is mixed B/T acute leukemia. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with weakness and fatigue and was diagnosed with MPAL, not otherwise specified, B/T rare type, based on bone marrow examination and immunophenotyping. This case highlights the essential role of comprehensive immunophenotyping in establishing an accurate diagnosis of MPAL. Given the limited information in the literature, case series and prospective studies are needed for a better understanding and successful treatment.
Insights
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare cancer where leukemia cells express markers from multiple blood cell types. This case report emphasizes comprehensive immunophenotyping for accurate MPAL diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Immunophenotyping
Background:
- Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) comprises 3-5% of acute leukemia cases.
- MPAL is characterized by blast populations co-expressing markers from multiple hematopoietic lineages, most commonly myeloid with B-cell or T-cell markers.
- The mixed B/T acute leukemia subtype is exceedingly rare.
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