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The (un-)Social Brain in Isolation.

A Fishman1, P Grinin, V Riljak

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social isolation (SI) harms the social brain, acting as chronic stress. This review shows SI disrupts social cognition and increases risks for mental and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • The Social Brain network is crucial for social cognition, empathy, and behavior.
  • Social isolation (SI) objectively reduces social interaction, threatening the social brain's integrity.
  • SI acts as a chronic stressor with significant neurobiological and behavioral consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the biological, cognitive, and behavioral effects of SI on the social brain.
  • To elucidate how SI disrupts neuroanatomy, neurotransmitters, and social functioning.
  • To highlight SI as a transdiagnostic risk factor across multiple medical fields.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of evidence from human and animal studies.
  • Review of neuroanatomical and neurochemical alterations due to SI.
  • Examination of evolutionary conserved mechanisms in rodent and primate models.

Main Results:

  • SI disrupts structural connectivity and neurotransmitter systems critical for social cognition.
  • SI leads to altered social behavior, mentalization, and emotional reactivity.
  • SI compromises neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, and triggers maladaptive stress responses.

Conclusions:

  • SI significantly increases vulnerability to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Indirect stressors like touch deprivation amplify SI's neurobiological impact.
  • Addressing SI is crucial for mental resilience and well-being, especially post-pandemic.