DSM-5 AMPD Maladaptive Personality Traits: One-Year Temporal Stability and Associations With Therapeutic Processes...

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry and Psychology
• Personality Disorders
• Clinical Psychology

Background:

• The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) utilizes impairments in personality functioning and maladaptive personality traits.
• The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) operationalizes the maladaptive trait framework (Criterion B) of the AMPD.
• Understanding the temporal stability and clinical associations of the PID-5 is crucial for validating the AMPD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the 1-year temporal stability of the PID-5 maladaptive personality traits.
• To investigate the concurrent and longitudinal associations of PID-5 traits with clinically relevant external criteria.
• To test hypotheses regarding the stability of negative affectivity and antagonism domains.

Main Methods:

• Participants (N=107) with heightened borderline personality features completed the PID-5 and other measures at baseline and 1-year follow-up (N=72).
• Rank-order stability (Pearson's r) and mean-level changes (Cohen's d) for PID-5 domains and facets were calculated.
• Bivariate correlations were used to assess associations with emotional, cognitive, behavioral processes, and psychiatric symptomology.

Main Results:

• High rank-order stability was observed for PID-5 domains (median r=0.74) and facets (median r=0.70).
• Small to moderate mean-level changes were common (Mdn d=-0.56 for domains).
• PID-5 domains and facets prospectively predicted therapeutic change processes and outcomes, with negative affectivity showing consistent associations and antagonism showing more attenuated associations.

Conclusions:

• The findings support the temporal stability of AMPD maladaptive personality traits as measured by the PID-5.
• The study provides further evidence for the clinical utility and validity of the AMPD framework.
• The PID-5 is a stable and clinically relevant measure for assessing personality pathology within the AMPD.