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Related Concept Videos

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
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Effective sample preparation is crucial for accurate and reliable laboratory analysis. During this process, two significant sources of error can arise: concentration bias from improper sample splitting and contamination caused by methods used to reduce particle size, such as grinding or homogenization. Identifying and minimizing these potential errors is crucial to ensuring the validity of the analysis.
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Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies
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From conventional to personalized reference intervals and decision limits: addressing latent errors in the post-post

Abdurrahman Coskun1, Jasmin Weninger2, Ali Canbay2

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye.

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Laboratory errors linked to extra-analytical phases can be reduced by using personalized reference intervals (prRIs) and decision limits (prDLs) instead of population-based ones. This improves patient safety by enabling more accurate interpretation of lab data.

Keywords:
decision limitlaboratory errorpersonalized decision limitpersonalized reference intervalreference interval

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Laboratory Medicine
  • Medical Error Analysis

Background:

  • Laboratory errors contribute significantly to overall medical errors, particularly in extra-analytical testing phases.
  • The post-post-analytical phase, involving clinical interpretation of lab data, is prone to errors due to reliance on population-based references.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the limitations of current population-based reference intervals (popRIs) and decision limits (popDLs).
  • To introduce and develop the concept of latent errors in laboratory data interpretation.
  • To advocate for the implementation of personalized reference intervals (prRIs) and decision limits (prDLs) to enhance patient safety.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of limitations in population-based references.
  • Development of the 'latent error' concept in the context of clinical interpretation.
  • Discussion of personalized references as a solution to reduce interpretation errors.

Main Results:

  • Population-based references (popRIs, popDLs) have inherent limitations leading to systematic, latent errors.
  • Personalized references (prRIs, prDLs) offer a more accurate approach for data interpretation.
  • The discrepancy between population-based and personalized references can compromise patient safety.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized reference intervals and decision limits are crucial for minimizing latent errors in the post-post-analytical phase.
  • Implementing personalized references can significantly improve the accuracy of patient laboratory data interpretation.
  • Adoption of personalized references is essential for advancing patient safety in clinical practice.