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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Corneal Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Model of the Stromal-nerve Interactions of the Human Cornea
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Harnessing Starch for Next-Generation Corneal Tissue Engineering.

Amin Orash Mahmoudsalehi1, Kevin Stalin Catzim Rios1, Wendy Ortega-Lara1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Starch-based biomaterials show promise for corneal tissue engineering (CTE), offering a sustainable alternative to donor tissue. Further research is needed to optimize mechanical stability and degradation for advanced corneal regenerative therapies.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingbiocompatible scaffoldscorneal regenerationcorneal tissue engineeringoptical transparencystarch-based biomaterials

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Corneal transplantation faces limitations due to donor tissue scarcity, immune rejection, and complications.
  • Corneal tissue engineering (CTE) offers a promising alternative for corneal repair.
  • Starch (ST), a natural polysaccharide, is explored for its biocompatibility and tunable properties in CTE scaffolds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fabrication methods, structure-property relationships, and performance of starch-based biomaterials for CTE.
  • To assess the potential of starch as a sustainable and cost-effective biomaterial for corneal regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of various starch processing techniques: hydrogel formation, electrospinning, and 3D bioprinting.
  • Review of functionalization strategies using bioactive molecules to enhance scaffold performance.
  • Evaluation of *in vitro* and *in vivo* studies on starch-based corneal scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • Starch-based scaffolds exhibit controllable hydration, optical transparency, and modifiable mechanical strength.
  • Functionalized ST scaffolds demonstrate enhanced cellular adhesion, proliferation, and improved biomechanical properties.
  • Starch offers economic and environmental benefits compared to synthetic biomaterials.

Conclusions:

  • Starch is a versatile and promising biomaterial for developing next-generation corneal regenerative therapies.
  • Challenges remain in optimizing mechanical stability, degradation profiles, and host cell biointegration.
  • Further research is warranted to overcome these challenges and advance clinical applications of ST in CTE.