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Rapid compensatory evolution within a multiprotein complex preserves telomere integrity.

Sung-Ya Lin1,2, Hannah R Futeran1,2, Briana N Cruga1,3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selfish genetic elements drive adaptive evolution in essential proteins. In fruit flies, changes in a telomere-protecting complex subunit (HOAP) and its partner (HipHop) were studied, revealing how compensatory evolution maintains function.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Selfish genetic elements can drive rapid adaptive evolution in host genomes.
  • Essential multiprotein complexes face evolutionary pressure from intragenomic conflict.
  • The impact of adaptive changes on protein complex stability and function is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how adaptive evolution in protein subunits affects interactions within essential multiprotein complexes.
  • To determine if these adaptive changes disrupt complex function and threaten organism viability.
  • To explore the mechanisms of compensatory evolution in maintaining essential functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the telomere protection complex in *Drosophila melanogaster* as a model system.
  • Performed interspecies protein swapping experiments with HOAP and HipHop subunits.
  • Employed in vivo, evolution-guided genetic manipulations to revert adaptive mutations.

Main Results:

  • Swapping HipHop between *Drosophila* species disrupted HOAP recruitment to telomeres, causing lethal telomere fusions.
  • Reverting adaptive mutations on HipHop's interaction surface restored HOAP recruitment and telomere protection.
  • Using conspecific HOAP also rescued telomere protection and organism viability.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive evolution driven by selfish genetic elements can destabilize essential protein interactions.
  • Intermolecular compensatory evolution is crucial for preserving essential functions against selfish element antagonism.
  • Evolutionary manipulations provide insights into maintaining protein complex integrity and organism viability.