Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 10, 2026
13:51
Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
Published on: November 9, 2011
20.4K
Revising the theory of cross phenomena
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America.
Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|November 27, 2025
Summary
The revised theory of cross phenomena (TCP) uses the first law of thermodynamics to derive independent flux equations. This thermodynamic approach corrects flaws in previous phenomenological models.
Area of Science:
- Thermodynamics
- Physical Chemistry
- Non-equilibrium Systems
Background:
- Previous work utilized a combined law of thermodynamics.
- Potentials in the combined law were not independent.
- Phenomenological Onsager flux equations have known flaws.
Purpose of the Study:
- To revise the theory of cross phenomena (TCP).
- To derive flux equations from fundamental thermodynamic laws.
- To establish flux equations based on independent driving forces.
Main Methods:
- Revision of the theory of cross phenomena (TCP).
- Application of the first law of thermodynamics.
- Derivation of flux equations from fundamental principles.
Main Results:
- The revised TCP starts from the first law of thermodynamics.
- Flux equations are derived with respect to independent driving forces.
- The revised TCP demonstrates flaws in phenomenological Onsager flux equations.
Conclusions:
- The revised TCP provides a more rigorous foundation for flux equations.
- Fundamental thermodynamic laws are preferable to phenomenological approaches.
- The revised theory offers a corrected framework for cross-phenomena analysis.
More Related Videos
05:59Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis
Published on: October 6, 2023
3.2K
09:52How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners
Published on: May 31, 2018
8.1K
Related Concept Videos
01:25Cross Product
600
The cross product is a fundamental concept in vector algebra that is a vector operation on two different vectors to obtain a third vector. Unlike the scalar product, the cross product results in a vector quantity perpendicular to both the original vectors.
The magnitude of the cross product is obtained by multiplying the magnitude of both the vectors and the sine of the angle between them. This means that a larger angle between the vectors will lead to a greater magnitude of the cross product.
The magnitude of the cross product is obtained by multiplying the magnitude of both the vectors and the sine of the angle between them. This means that a larger angle between the vectors will lead to a greater magnitude of the cross product.
600
01:34Crossing Over
168.6K
Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
168.6K
01:30Crossing Over
6.1K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
6.1K
01:50Cross-Sectional Research
12.3K
In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
12.3K
01:16Crossover Experiments
4.5K
Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
4.5K
01:29Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory
465
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
465