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Teeth01:15

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Age estimation based on Demirjian's method using third molars in individuals from Southeastern Brazil.

Amanda Farias-Gomes1, Maria Luíza Dos Anjos Pontual2, Thaísa Pinheiro Silva1

  • 1Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, 13414-903, São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a new formula for estimating chronological age using third molar mineralization stages in Southeastern Brazilians. The new formula is more accurate than previous ones, showing strong correlation and low error rates for age estimation.

Keywords:
BrazilDental age assessmentForensic dentistryRadiologyThird molar

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Odontology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Accurate age estimation is crucial in forensic and clinical contexts.
  • Third molar mineralization stages are a reliable indicator for age assessment in adolescents and young adults.
  • Previous age estimation formulas may lack accuracy in specific populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the applicability of third molar mineralization stages for chronological age estimation in a Southeastern Brazilian population.
  • To test a previously developed age estimation formula from a Northeastern Brazilian population.
  • To develop and validate a new, population-specific age estimation formula based on third molar development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of digital panoramic radiographs from 1570 individuals aged 7-22 years.
  • Classification of third molar developmental stages (Demirjian's scale) by two independent examiners.
  • Development of a new age estimation formula using multiple linear regression on 1260 radiographs and validation on 310 radiographs.

Main Results:

  • A strong positive correlation (R=0.925) was observed between chronological age and third molar mineralization stages.
  • The previously developed formula significantly overestimated chronological age.
  • The new formula demonstrated high performance, explaining 85% of age variance (R²=0.85) with low prediction errors (MAE=1.35, RMSE=1.71).

Conclusions:

  • Third molar mineralization stages are strongly correlated with chronological age in Southeastern Brazilians.
  • Population-specific age estimation models are necessary due to variations in developmental timing.
  • The newly developed formula offers a more accurate and reliable method for age estimation in this subpopulation, with significant forensic and clinical implications.