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Glial Cells

Glial Cells

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Dissection and Isolation of Murine Glia from Multiple Central Nervous System Regions

Dissection and Isolation of Murine Glia from Multiple Central Nervous System Regions

Published on: June 4, 2020

Understanding glial cells: Implications for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and therapeutics.

Yadav Shubham Lalmani¹, Rahul Deshmukh¹

¹Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India.

Ageing Research Reviews

|November 27, 2025

Summary

Glial cell dysfunction contributes to multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. Understanding glial cells and immune interactions may lead to targeted MS therapies, improving patient well-being.

Keywords:

Demyelination Glial Cells Immune system dysregulation Multiple Sclerosis Psychiatric symptoms SARM-1

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Cellular Biology
Neurology

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is linked to glial cell (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia) dysfunction.
MS prevalence is rising in India, impacting patients' social and family well-being.
Glial cells are crucial for neuronal function, homeostasis, and neuroinflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of glial cells in multiple sclerosis pathology.
To examine current therapeutic strategies for MS.
To explore potential future therapeutics targeting glial cells.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature survey.
Analysis of glial cell pathways in MS pathogenesis (demyelination, astrocytosis, microglial activation).
Review of existing disease-modifying and symptomatic treatments.
Exploration of novel therapeutic avenues like remyelination and immunomodulation.

Main Results:

Glial cell dysfunction significantly contributes to MS pathogenesis and progression.
Current treatments focus on disease modification and symptom management.
Emerging strategies target glial cells for remyelination and immunomodulation.

Conclusions:

Understanding the glial cell-immune system interplay is vital for MS.
Targeting glial cells offers potential for more individualized and effective MS therapies.
Further research into glial cell function can advance MS management.